Psychology †Aggression Experiment Essay

Proposal Our investigation focuses on violence in the media and the affects that it has on viewers that watch it, a person’s heart rate can be monitored to see if watching certain films will affect the viewers. We predict that violence in the media does not affect an audience. To support the hypothesis we will conduct an experiment using a sample group of Yr.11 students which attend Westminster school. Three different varied films will be shown for 3 minutes, Educating Rita, Braveheart and Bugsy Malone. During each film heart rates will be taken at the half-way point and the end to get qualitative results. The independent variable in this experiment is the actual violence viewed by the audience and the dependent variable is the heart rate that will be recorded by the participants. The data that is found will be analysed to support the hypothesis, this will be done using graphs. Introduction This SACE approved research program was conducted to investigate the effects of violent and aggressive films on a collection of Year 11 Psychology students. We hypothesize that violence in the media does not affect an audience. To support our hypothesis an experiment was conducted using a class of Year 11 psychology students, where they were exposed to three film clips (Educating Rita, Brave Heart and Bugsy Malone). As the participants viewed these exerts, their heart rates were recorded during and at the conclusion of each clip to determine any changes in heart rate levels. The data that was found and used in this experiment is quantitative data. Our results are displayed in a bar graph using the mean value for each gender. Results Discussion The hypothesis of this experiment was that violence in the media does not affect an audience; this was supported through the results found throughout the duration of the experiment. The results showed little to no change in the viewer’s heart rate while watching the prescribed film exerts: Educating Rita, Braveheart and Bugsy Malone. The exact results are shown in graph 1, which displays the base rate, the heart rate half way through the clip and at the duration of the exert. The graph shows that whilst the participants watched Educating Rita, at the midway point of the clip their heart rate increased by 2bpm which is a mere 1.2%. When the heart rates were tested again at the duration of the clip, the mean value in the participant’s heart rates didn’t change at all. The heart rates taken during the Braveheart clip, show that the majority of participants heart rates actually fell by 3bpm. During the clip taken from Bugsy Malone, the average heart rate at the half way point decreased by 4bmp, but then increased by 6bpm at the duration of the film. Although, this data could have been skewed by two outliers who had very heart rates which may have been the cause of the results increasing. Overall there is not a huge increase of the heart rates after watching each film exert, as the greatest average in change of heart rate was only 6bpm. The difference in the results is so small that wouldn’t be considered as important, so this could also suggest that when violence and comedy are mixed together a greater reaction from the viewers is found. My investigation was really an unrepresentative sample group as it lacked much diversity at all. It consisted of only Year 11 Westminster School students who study psychology, also the group lacked much variety in terms of religion, background and beliefs. To make the experiment more accurate there needed to have been participants from different age groups, cultures and an even balance of the two genders to make the results more accurate and reliable. There were a few particular weaknesses in the experiment that fell under the extraneous variables category; one was that the class might have been anxious and excited about using the heart rate monitors which could have affected the overall results. Also, before the experiment begun the participants were playing with the heart rate monitors and testing them out, which may have enabled people to figure out how to slow and fasten their heart rate. There is a possibility that the participants could have been embarrassed or self-conscious of their results, so when their peers asked or saw their results sheet they may have felt inclined to change their results. During the experiment there were minor ethical issues that could have been handled better. This included confidentiality; participants were given an identification number at the beginning of the experiment, and it was quite easy for other participants to find out others identification numbers, making this a breach of their confidentiality. Another issue that became apparent was the point of voluntary participation. Although each participate did in fact have the option to either participate or not, the researcher suggested that if they did not participate their grades would be put in jeopardy and could inevitably not pass their SACE, or the semester’s worth of work. This definitely placed pressure on the participants to take part in the experiment. The last major ethical issue that arose during the experiment was when each participant was to sign an agreement which said they were willing to take part in the experiment, and if they were under the age of sixteen their parent of legal guardian was to sign on their behalf. At this point, participants asked if they were close to the age of sixteen (ranging from 1 week to 2 months) whether they could sign it themselves. The researcher then said they were happy for them to sign it themselves, and didn’t really mind either way. This is against the rules and rights of the experiment, and the researcher should have made sure that every student under the age of sixteen had their consent for signed by someone who was either a parent of legal guardian. The investigation has accurately met the hypothesis set; violence in the media does not affect an audience. Graph 1 clearly shows the minimal change in heart rates of nearly all the participants besides from negligible outliers. Although, there is a high possibility that the results would be different if the group of participants were selected with more diverse character and personality traits in mind. Nevertheless, I still believe the results are fairly consistent. The only factor that could possibly alter the results if the experiment was to be conducted again, would most likely be the day, time of day that it was undertaken and any underlying distractions to the participants. Words: 850

Diffusion and Osmosis of Solutes and Water Across a Membrane

Diffusion and Osmosis of Solutes and Water Across a Membrane Brittany Bacallao Nova Southeastern University Abstract: This experiment gave a visual understanding of osmosis and diffusion. The first experiment proved that solutes would move down a concentration gradient if permeable to the selective membrane. The second experiment proved different solute concentrations affect the movement of water, depending on the solute concentration inside the cell. The purpose of this lab was to look for different solutes that can cross an artificial membrane and to observe the effect of different concentrations of sucrose on the mass of a potato cell.Results for Part One suggested that the molecular weight of albumin and starch was too large to pass through the dialysis tube, but glucose and sodium sulfate molecules were small enough to pass through the dialysis tube. Also, a decrease in water weight occurred due the dialysis tube being placed in a hypertonic solution. Results for Par Two showed the potato cell having a molar concentration of 0. 2734, which caused sucrose concentrations above 0. 2 M to have a decrease in mass. Inversely, sucrose concentrations below 0. 2 M caused an increase in mass.Diffusion is the random movement of molecules spreading evenly into available space (Cain, Jackson, Minorsky, Reece, & Urry, 2011). Movement of water also follows a similar concept, however, water can act as a shield for solutes and become unavailable to diffuse while in other cases water is free and will move to an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration: this processes is better known as osmosis (Keith, Messing, Schmitt, & Feingold, 2010). Osmosis and diffusion can occur along a permeable membrane or selective membrane.A cell with a selective membrane allows small molecules and ions to pass through but excludes others; also, substances that are able to pass through the membrane do so at different rates. On the other hand, permeable membranes al low nonpolar molecules, such as hydrophobic molecules (water fearing), to dissolve in the lipid bilayer, which allows the molecule to easily cross the membrane. However, molecules such as glucose can pass through the lipid bilayer, but not as rapidly as nonpolar molecule (Cain et al. , 2011).Understanding the concept of osmosis helps explain why lakes cannot have an increase in salinity. If saltiness of a lake increases, species living in the lake could die. This occurs when the lake water becomes hypertonic solution, which causes the animal cells to lose an excessive amount of water forcing the cell to shrivel up and die (Cain et al. , 2011). On the contrary, understanding the concept of diffusion can help explain why after spraying perfume in one area of the room, then after several minutes, the perfume is smelled throughout the room.This is because particles of the perfume move randomly and eventually spread out evenly throughout the room. Moreover, in the experiment performed, d iffusion and osmosis was observed using artificial systems (plastic membranes) and potato cells. The null hypothesis for Part One of the experiment is that the concentration gradient has no effect on the weight of the dialysis tube. The alternate hypothesis is that the weight of the dialysis tube will be affected by the concentration gradient.The null hypothesis for Part Two of the experiment is that the increase of sucrose concentration has no effect on the mass of the potato cell. The alternate hypothesis is that the difference in sucrose concentration will affect the mass of the potato cell. This experiment tests all hypotheses and helps to explain the concepts of diffusion and osmosis. Materials and Methods: Part One: Gloves were used to obtain a 20 cm section of dialysis tube that had soaked in a beaker of distilled water prior to the experiment. The dialysis tube was cleaned with distilled water and then tied off to form a pouch.Once the pouch was formed, 3 mL of starch and so dium sulfate solution was placed inside the tube, and then tied off and weighed. The weight obtained was recorded as initial weight. While weighing the dialysis tube with the solution of starch and sodium sulfate, eight test tubes were obtained and solution of starch/sodium sulfate was added to two test tubes labeled bag start (Keith et al. , 2010). After weighing dialysis tubing of starch/sodium sulfate and adding the solution to two test tubes, the tubing was placed in a beaker containing a solution of albumin and glucose.Next, 1. 0 mL of albumin and glucose were then placed in two test tubes labeled solution start. The tubing in the albumin/glucose solution was kept inside the solution for 75 minutes. Every 15 minutes the solution and tube was mixed (Keith et al. , 2010). At the end of the 75 minutes, two 1. 0 mL samples of the albumin/glucose solution from the beaker were added to two test tubes labeled solution end. Then, the dialysis tube was removed from the beaker and rinsed off with distilled water. Once the tubing was rinsed and blotted dry the final water weight was recorded.After measuring the final water weight, the contents in the tubing was dumped into a beaker and 1. 0 mL of starch/sodium sulfate solution was added to two test tubes labeled bag end (Keith et al. , 2010). In order to test for glucose, a glucose dip and read strip was placed in the first set of test tubes that were labeled bag start, solution start, bag end, and solution end. Then, a protein dip-and-read strip was placed in the same set of test tubes and the results were recorded from both glucose and protein strips.After testing for protein, solution and bag samples were tested for sodium sulfate. To test for sodium sulfate, three drops of 2% barium chloride were added to the second set of test tubes labeled bag start, solution start, bag end, and solution end. The results were observed and then recorded (Keith et al. , 2010). To see if starch was present in the solutions, iodin e solution was added to the first set of test tubes that were used for the glucose and protein strips. Results were then observed and recorded (Keith et al. , 2010). Part two: Seven beakers were obtained. 0 mL of solution labeled 0. 2 M sucrose, 0. 4 M sucrose, 0. 6 M sucrose, 0. 8 M sucrose, 1 M sucrose, distilled water, and unknown were each placed in different beakers. Then, a potato was sliced into 28 cylinders using a cork borer. The cylinders were separated into seven groups of four and then placed under a paper towel until the group was ready to weigh the potato cylinders. Once prepared to weigh the cylinders, the weight of each group of cylinders was recorded. Four cylinders were placed into each beaker and sat for an hour (Keith et al. , 2010).After the beakers sat for an hour at room temperature, the potato cylinders were then removed and blotted dry. Final weight was recorded for each group of potato cylinders. To calculate the percentage change, the following equation wa s used (Keith et al. , 2010): Percent change =Ending mass-Starting massStarting mass? 100% Results: Part One Results for the first experiment revealed certain molecular weights were unable to pass through the selectively permeable membrane. Table 1 shows that albumin (protein) and starch were unable to pass through the selective membrane.Albumin’s molecular weight was approximately 64,000 Daltons and starch’s molecular weight was greater than 100,000 Daltons; these results were already known. Initially, glucose was present outside of the dialysis tube but in final results glucose was found in the final bag and final solution. On the contrary, sodium sulfate was initially present inside the dialysis tube but in the final results only, sulfate ion was found in the final solution. The last result was the change in water weight. Water had decreased from the initial weight. The following results are shown in Table 1.Table 1: Diffusion of solutes through an artificial membra ne after 75 minutes. | Glucose | Sulfate ion| Protein| Starch| Water weight (g)| Inside bag| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Initial| -| +| -| +| 16. 59 g| Final| +| -| -| +| 16. 05 g| Outside bag| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Initial| +| +| +++| -| Â  | Final| +| +| +++| -| Â  | Part Two In the second experiment results showed different concentrations of sucrose affected the potatoes’ mass. In the beakers containing 0. 0 M (distilled water) and 0. 2 M concentration of sucrose resulted in water entering the potato cell, which caused the cell to increase in mass.The beakers containing 0. 4 M, 0. 6 M, 0. 8 M, and 1 M of sucrose concentration had the opposite effect on the potatoes mass. Therefore, the higher the concentration was the greater amount of water left, causing the cell to decrease in mass. Also, the unknown concentration was found to be 0. 5 M of sucrose, which caused the mass in the potato cells to decrease as a result of water leaving the cell. The following infor mation is displayed in Table 2. Table 2: Percent change in mass of potato cells after being placed in different sucrose concentrations, also the differences in initial and final mass.Contents in beaker| Initial mass| Final mass| Mass difference| % Change in mass| a. Distilled Water| 0. 82| 0. 92| 0. 1| 12. 20%| b. 0. 2 M Sucrose| 0. 65| 0. 69| 0. 04| 6. 20%| c. 0. 4 M Sucrose| 0. 62| 0. 56| -0. 06| -9. 70%| d. 0. 6 M Sucrose| 0. 69| 0. 58| -0. 1| -15. 90%| e. 0. 8 M Sucrose| 0. 61| 0. 48| -0. 13| -21. 30%| f. 1 M Sucrose| 0. 74| 0. 57| -0. 17| -23%| g. Unknown| 0. 77| 0. 7| -0. 07| -9. 10%| The molar concentration of the potato cell was found to be 0. 2734 M. The molecular weight was found by looking for the x-intercept on the graph below (Figure 2. . Figure 2: Percent change in mass of potato cells put in different concentrations of sucrose. Discussion: Part One of the experiment indicated that the dialysis tube was selectively permeable and only molecular weight fewer than 64,000 Daltons were able to pass through the membrane. This explains why albumin and starch were unable to pass through the membrane because their molecules were too large. Conversely, glucose was able to pass through the selectively permeable membrane due to its relatively small molecular weight.However, because glucose was present in both the final bag and final solution this meant that glucose had evenly distributed its molecules by complying with the concept of diffusion. Sulfate ions present outside the dialysis tube in the final results show that sulfate ions were also able to diffuse through the selective membrane into the final solution. A decrease in water weight from initial weight shows that the dialysis tube was placed in a hypertonic solution causing more of the inside solution to diffuse to the outside leading to a decrease in the final weight of the bag.The null hypothesis is rejected in Part One of the experiment because the concentration gradient did affect the weight of t he dialysis tube. This is due to the fact that sodium sulfate completely left the bag, thus causing the bag to decrease in weight. The reason why sodium sulfate left is because there was no sodium sulfate in the solution; therefore, molecules went to an area of lower concentration. The alternate hypothesis is not rejected because the concentration gradient did affect the weight of the dialysis tube.This is proven by a decrease in initial weight due to sodium sulfate leaving the tube. Part Two of the experiment showed that the potato cells had some kind of change in their mass after being placed in different sucrose concentrations. The change in mass occurred because water either left the cell or entered the cell depending on the sucrose concentration. This explains why distilled water had the greatest increase in mass, because water wanted to go to an area (potato cell) of higher concentration from an area of low concentration.On the other hand, 1 M of sucrose concentration had the greatest decrease in mass because water wanted to leave the cell to move to an area of higher concentration. Therefore, if the concentration was greater than the molar concentration of the potato cell than water left the cell at a faster rate. The null hypothesis for Part Two of the experiment proved to be wrong because an increase in sucrose concentration did have an affect on the change in mass of the potato cell.Increased sucrose concentration changed the mass of the cell because the concentration was higher than the molar concentration of the potato cell. Thus, the alternate hypothesis is proven correct. The difference in sucrose concentration will affect the mass of the potato cell. References: Cain, M. L. , Jackson, R. B. , Minorsky, P. V. , Reece, J. B. , & Urry, L. A. (2011). Biology (9th Edition ed. ). San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc. Keith, E. , Messing, C,. Schmitt, E. , Feingold, J. (2010). Laboratory Exercises in Biology (3rd ed. ). Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publi shing Company.

Religious Clothing Restrictions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religious Clothing Restrictions - Essay Example In most cases, the wearers of religious symbols such as crosses, crucifixes and prayer beads, hijabs, burqas and niqabs are genuine religious people with a strong and real personal connection with religion. In other minority cases, people do wear religious symbols especially crosses and crucifixes as fashion accessories while some Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Hindus and Jews wear these attire and symbols due to the politics of identity. However, this discussion proves that, a majority of these people who put on these religious clothing are honest followers of their respective religion. It is important for people to respect other people’s religious beliefs, and consequently abolish the restrictions imposed on the wearing of religious clothing; this is because most people wear religious attire as an expression of their respect for their traditions and religion. Wearing these clothes gives people a religious identity, and gives them a sense of self awareness and awareness of the requirements of their beliefs and traditions. Most of these people believe that wearing this clothes enhances their commitment to spiritual life and that affirming this to the public only strengthens their belief (Grimm). It is the work of the followers of a particular religious belief to decide among themselves what religious dress and symbols are appropriate in light of the teachings of their religion. Criticizing people’s policies and religious belief on clothing and religious symbol is usually received as criticism. of not only the individual, but the religion as well. Making observations in a prejudiced and uncourteous manner about the religious and traditional clothes and symbols of certain members of society would appear to be racial or religious discrimination which is against civil and human rights. In a democratic society, people should be accorded many rights, religion included. The right to religion translates to the right to express ones faith through actions, belief and even dress code. In Britain for example, the Government has expressed its social commitment to religious by promoting a diverse society with different faiths whose followers are universally treated as citizens of t he United Kingdom. In France on the other hand, the government officially banned the wearing of facial veils; this comes at an age where most Muslim women are married to domineering men who force them to wear veils. Some of the

Leadership models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership models - Essay Example Leadership Models or theories have been a central part of organizational management for many years. These help to make or break the workforce, and hence, the business. In this paper, four leadership models will be discussed thoroughly first. They will then be compared for any similarities and differences. Finally, their concentration on contemporary leadership issues and challenges will be analyzed, along with their implications for organizations today.The term 'leadership style' defines the "leadership model'. Style of leadership has been explained as how a person takes his team forward to achieve goals. This is the simplest definition of a layman. Good leadership is what makes effective management (Murugun, pg. 329). A model which defines this is, then, a 'Leadership Model'.Leadership has many functions that bring the team closer to their goals to carry out .The significance of leadership is reflected in the following functions: providing inspiration to employees, securing cooperat ion in the team, creating confidence among individuals, providing a conducive environment for employees, implementing changes, maintaining discipline among the members, representing them, and setting goals. (Murugun, pg.328)There are many factors that affect how a manager exerts leadership. The most important and the first one that comes to mind is his personality. The Leadership model largely depends on the nature of a manager. Moreover, the experiences of a manager also define his leadership style. He may lead in a certain way because his practices and situations in the past expect him to go forward in that manner. In addition to that, it is also based on the beliefs and values of the leader. He will also manage and lead his team according to the organization's environment, culture and needs. To get to the point, there are a number of leadership models, defined by a number of individuals. For example, Likert's leadership theories describe four kinds of leadership styles: Exploitative authoritative, Benevolent authoritative, Consultative and Participative styles (Likert 1967). Or , for example, Goleman's, Boyatzis' and McKee's (2004) six emotional leadership models: The Visionary Leader, the Coaching Leader, the Affiliative Leader, the Democratic Leader, the Pace-setting Leader and the Commanding Leader. But in this paper, we will only go over the four most common ones. The Charismatic Model adopts the Charismatic Style of Leadership, which is a style taken up by a leader who has a personality so charming and "charismatic" that he uses this to take the team forward. According to Max Weber, the term 'charisma' is used in the sense of an 'extraordinary quality' possessed by persons or objects, and is thought to give these persons a unique, magical power (Bendix 1977, pg.299). This leader is like an organizational hero who the subordinates look up to and follow strongly. They focus on making their team very different than the others. The charismatic model will only work with the kind of charismatic leader described above. The model sounds almost too good to be true, or practical. Which is the case, it is good but also not practical. The benefits of this model are apparent. Only by using pleasant phrases and appealing words and gestures, the leader can make the team get closer to his and their goals. Furthermore, he can make them believe and this belief is what fuels motivation. It could increase productivity of the workers and create a decorous, respectable environment. However, this doesn't always lead to successful results or achievement of goals, depending on the kind of team and the morale of its members. An "organizational hero" is more appreciated when the spirits of the individuals are low than when they are extremely self-confident. Moreover, according to Weber, a charismatic leader might not always be positive, for example, Adolf Hitler. In such situations this style is perceived as unethical by some because control is exercised on

HISTORY OF SELF PORTRAIT AND SELFIE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HISTORY OF SELF PORTRAIT AND SELFIE - Essay Example Some people, when they take their field study and other leisure activities often take pictures to keep them for the future memory. Some are very artistic and talented, having the capacity to make drawings and other portraits to represent various events and themes. Currently, the art industry is one of the highest paying; many people that have developed and nurtured their art have always been earning a lot of money, creating and selling portraits in various subjects. In light of technological advancements, new technologies like computer-aided design have been developed to influence art. In this case, the field of art has been developing various classical designs that people love and prefer for branding and other important economic and social dimensions in the lives of people. Currently, many people like taking selfies, also known as self-portraits using the mobile phones and various kinds of digital cameras held in the hand. Some of the main reasons why people take these self-images is for sharing them on social media, a media that has influenced this century by storm. Some of the commonly used social media in this context include twitter, instagram and facebook among others. Most of the selfies are often flattering, but are made to look casual. This paper examines the historical development of self-portraits, which are commonly referred to as selfies in modern times. In early ages, painters were drawing their self-portraits. Effective application of drawing and painting techniques employing pencil, ink or charcoal on canvas or paper clearly reflect the true image of artist. Ancient painters who designed self-portraits included Sir Peter Lely, Mary Beale, Godfrey Kneller, and George Romney among many others. George Romney, born in Lancashire, painted his self-portrait that have received criticism in 1782 on an oil canvas. In his portrait, Romney painted himself in a relaxed posture depicting modern selfie and trends in photography. Sir Godfrey

Stereotype paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Stereotype paper - Essay Example Moreover, I believe that there is no afterlife because there seems to be no purpose in it and no one has proven it so far. I am prejudiced against these pastors who spread the so-called â€Å"Word of God† in order to convince their congregation to buy everything that they say simply out of faith and perhaps for their own benefit, even if that benefit were only a smug feeling of satisfaction that they have done something good or others have followed them. The more they assert their beliefs, the more they make me feel that it is just easy for them to say those things because they live rich lives and they are not exactly the ones suffering. I believe their convictions about God would be different if they were the ones waiting for their execution in Rwanda or dying of cholera in Sierra Leone. Nevertheless, I have realized that Peter Ditto of the University of California-Irvine was right in saying that â€Å"people are much more skeptical processors of information [that] they don’t want to believe† (â€Å"How Pre-existing Beliefs,† 2012). Perhaps, my arguments were also flawed in that I have assumed that for God to exist, then He must be good, and that for heaven and the afterlife to make sense then they must at least require some proof. It appears that I was not able to consider the idea that God may exist but may be just and not kind, and He may have a purpose that I may not be able to comprehend. Moreover, the afterlife may really actually exist and that just because something does not have proof does not necessarily mean that it does not exist. Lastly, I may have committed the fallacy of argumentum ad hominem against pastors because I may have attacked them and their personal circumstances instead of their actual convictions (Walker, 2009). I may have unjustly assumed that they were rich and had good things happening around them all the time that is why I assumed that they would not be able to exactly understand how hard the poor

Business Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business Law - Case Study Example the police officer handled the arrest in a harsh manner before confirming that he was indeed the ‘scum’ who was being sort after because of killing a cop. Once, Tyrion is taken to the police, and is handed over to Bolton, the supervising sergeant, all the officers at the police station gave him a hostile reception since they were made to understand that he was ‘Rob Stark’. As Bolton, the supervising sergeant allows Tyrion the right to remain silent, and the right to have an attorney, he is moved to the interview room under close check but his right to attorney is denied because the attorney does not appear during his arrest(Ripstein 200). Apparently, due to his condition at the time of arrest, he suddenly passes out and when he regains consciousness in the hospital bed, he has injures in his body, an indication that he might have been tortured at the police cell. The event of Wednesday night as the comic book night had brought friends together. Never the less, after the comic night these friends engaged themselves in various criminal activities that could lead to arrest (Abbott 95). In this case, Amy Farrah Fowler, ex-jilted lover to Cooper has committed criminal offenses because she is in possession of a stun gun, and she has also managed to cause fire to the adjacent building from where she had caused intimidation to Cooper and Hofstadter by ordering them to undress as gun point and further burning their clothes. Similarly, in defence Hofstadter commits a criminal offense by grabbing the knife that was in possession of Cooper and stabs Fowler in the abdomen four times before he and Cooper run way. Previously, Cooper has used the same knife to stab Fowler in the bid to defend himself and Hofstadter from Fowler’s attack (Abbott 95). In regard to Wolowitz, he has committed a criminal offense because he has willingly accepted to take a date from an undercover female police officer who happens to have disguised herself as a prostitute. Due

Anatomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Anatomy - Essay Example , however, they do not inactivate histamine A: is correct because eosinophils primarily deal with parasitic infections. They also involved in inflammatory cells in allergic reactions. 3. B: I chose adaptive immunity, its a correct choise although not the best choice among those given. E: adaptive immunity also called acquired immunity is protection against infective agents that is not present at birth, but comes about later in life. Adaptive immunity is associated with memory and resistance to infection is improved and enhanced through subsequent natural infection of similar type and is also associated with recognition and specificity. 8. B: injury was an incorrect choice because inflammation cause by injury do not dent in when applied pressure and are painful. C: the correct choice was edema because it is an abnormal collection of fluid in a specific part of the body, which may lead to swelling and pain, edema is also characterized by pitting/ denting when pressure is applied. 9. A: was the incorrect choise because basophil are not made from the white pulp of the spleen, although they may mature in the spleen. B: lymphocytes may be deficient this is because the white pulp of the spleen is involved in specifically making and maturation of the lymphocyte cells. 10. C: acquired immunity was the incorrect choise because it comes later in life when the body is sanitized to different disease causing pathogens. A: innate none

History of Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

History of Germany - Essay Example This stance humiliated that nation brisling with ego, and became one of the many reasons for the Second World War. After the Second World War, the reluctant participant United States, emerged as the super power, and dictated her terms to war-weary countries of Europe during the end stages of the war. European countries had to accept all the demands of US most of them willingly, some of them with reservations. A comparison between French demands after First World War and US demands after the Second World War, and in this comparison, we find that more of contrast lay in the altered circumstances. France acted purely on an instinct of her national survival, whereas US had hidden her intentions. France needed Germany to be humiliated and pay back for her foolhardiness, whereas US acted mainly on her self-interest with an additional desire to see Europe and the rest of the world secure without being plagued by further wars. This intention is rather remote compared to self-gratification. After Second World War, Germany was no doubt treated badly, but was made to feel that she too is one of the European countries. Even though the persecution continued for a long time, other nations and US (mainly during Kennedy regime) were ready to forgive and forget the past. The self-interest of United States was acutely apparent in every demand, be it about European countries, territory of maintenance or military presence in Europe, it had shades of world welfare in it. At least it was presented so. In comparison, we can state that both countries needed to create a war free secure future and acted with that appreciable instinct and desire. France might have been a little undiplomatic, but we say that with the benefit of a long hindsight. US has fared better and built for herself and others a much better future, while keeping German resurrection under check, without depriving Germany much of her dignity.================= ESSAY: French demands after the First World War and the American demands after the Second World War have been compared and contrasted many times by historians. Even though French demands are known to be more aggressive and thoroughly vindictive, they had a short term affect, while the American demands after Second World War, solicitous to Europe, were well calculated and had a very long-term results. Perhaps eventually, it led to the formation of a European Union. United States of America, without Europe on its side, is a bit of loner, a kind of world bully. America and European countries have helped each other over the years. In both cases, Germany was victimised with good reasons, and with the hindsight, Germany has shaken off her past and is a confirmed democratic nation today. Europe was dominated by America and her demands after Second World War and later, some regions, by Soviet block. Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau rightly said, "Yes, we have won the war and not without difficulty; but now we are going to have to win the peace, and that will perhaps be even more difficult". Perhaps France, suffered more than any other country in Europe from the First World War and was determined not to put herself in such jeopardy again, and this resolve reflected in her demands after the world war. One look at the sacrifices made by France, her loss for no fault of hers, her sinking low in the ranks of world powers entirely due to war, no one could blame her for being vindictive or

Mexican culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mexican culture - Essay Example Scholars mention that â€Å"gender roles of men and women are reflected in spatial distinctions of la calle (the street) and la casa (the home)† (Knapp, Muller and Quiros, 2009). This differentiation reflects on Mexican people since their childhood. Boys are in need to leave home for the sake of earning money and maintaining a family in future (Vlassoff, 2007). As for the girls they are responsible to stay at home and to take care about its comfort and coziness (Vlassoff, 2007). Such tradition has been strictly laid into the minds of Mexican people. Concerning the present day situation and modern social norms it should be admitted that male and female roles undergo changes. With the tendency of globalization and increase of migration gender roles transform (Knapp, Muller and Quiros, 2009). Women started to get more freedom and ability to make an independent choice in accordance to their life values and personal desires (Mount-Cors, 2014). Such process in considered to be natural and logical for the system of modern society. It is worse to mention that American culture provide a significant influence to this process (Knapp, Muller and Quiros,

Enrollment System Essay Example for Free

Enrollment System Essay Chapter1: Intoduction 1. 1. Background of the study The new generation about computer blooms in our day. It is the binding fact that computers are very productive, more efficient, and make our personal and professional lives more successful. In every year, technologies continue to rise up, people must be aware in the development of the technologies to easily come up in the flow of the new generation. Computer is an electronic device that can store data, process retrieve and can also be programmed with any instruction. Computers can do just about anything and it really excel in certain areas. Enrollment is an exciting day for every student in elementary, high school, or colleges. It is the most expected activity after summer vacation. But contrary to the expectations of the enrollees, enrollment has posed problems and hassles because it has become tedious and taxing. Sometimes the students’ leave it to their parents and other members of the family to enroll them. The unsystematic procedure of school during enrollment is now dreaded by them. Instead student enrollees have to stand and wait of finishing it in an hour or two, sometimes students are made to come back the next day or even after a week so that they can be officially enrolled. All these have posed a problem which alarm this group of researchers and decided to pursue in resolving the enrollment problem by designing and implementing a system of enrollment which is computerized for smooth and less problematic flow of enrollment in the La Immaculada Concepcion School. As a students, and as a researcher we decided to create a wellprogrammed system that will develop the enrollment system for the school of La Immaculada Concepcion School. To become more realistic we conduct a survey and some research from the students to know the specific to general problems of their enrollment system that cannot be solve manually. Some student complains about the enrollment procedure in their school, they need to get the enrollment form first and do some certain approval and payment in the different sections in order to be enrolled. This is a very long process of the enrollment and the personnel assigned in the registrar office will record the enrollee’s information manually after the scheduled enrollment. What if the student’s enrollment papers lost? Will they retrieve their papers? How long will it takes to them to record all the student’s files in the computer. 1. 2. Statement of the Problem What enrollment system can be developed to manage the enrollment of La Immaculada Concepcion School (LICS)? How to speed up the enrollment process of La Immaculada Concepcion School (LICS)? How to accurately monitor and update the recoeding of the transactions and the pertinent records of the school? 1. 3. Objective: To create a better enrollment system that will manage the enrollment of the La Immaculada Concepcion School (LICS). To provide a system that will discuss the flow of the process of enrollment. To use database management that will monitor and update recording of transactions and pertinent records of the school. . 4. Significance of the study The Significance of this study is to perform a better system that can accommodate all the students in this school in their enrollment, and also as we make a program we enhance our skill in creating a better program for a given problems like this. The importance of this study may help up the said school to nurture up and elevate the functionality of the school to defy and breach their performances for the last 39 years. The study will also help us as students to be knowledgeable enough on entering the Information Technology field as applying the lectures to actual performances. The La Immaculada Concepcion Schools’ enrollment system gives also a benefit for the following: 1. Students- they can save time and money in waiting a long period of time and it will be easy for them to enroll. There are some students that cannot enroll on the time because of some circumstances; LAN-based enrollment is the answer for the problem. . Staff- they can lessen their time consumed during the process of enrollment. They can also generate a report in a very short time unlike in the manual enrollment system where in the staff is having a hard time generating reports. 3. School- to lessen if not eliminates the existing problems in the traditional enrollment system. 4. Future Proponents- they can use these as theirfutur study and create a better system. 1. 5. Scope and Limitation: The scope of this study is to perform a better process in the school in terms of their enrollment and to improve the system in such a better way. The system provides registration which includes adding, editing and updating of students record that will be stored directly to the database. It will also generate confirmation of registration. It will generate reports such as class list/ instructor/ schedule of classes per section/ statement of the account/ payment report for the school administration. The registrar can easily access records, schedule, classes and class list. it provides scheduling of the subjects per section. It also provides printing of some schedules for the students after enrollment. The payment is also included; the enrollee can choose which type of payment will suit them (full or partial). This study has also a limitation, Our limitation is just to create a system that will enhance the process and to improve the enrollment system in La Immaculada Concepcion School. .

University education Essay Example for Free

University education Essay Summary: This article is about the various different ideas to influence college students to attend class. Several professors feel that by using the students’ attendance and their class participation as part of their grade that more students would attend class. Studies show that students who attend class are more likely to get higher graduation rates. Some students feel that the information taught in class should also be available online, which results in students not coming to class. The researchers are saying that by the professors pleasing the students, has led to easier classes where students don’t learn as much as they used to. Ultimately, the choice is the students and the ones that show up to class are the ones getting the most information, and higher success rates. Essay: College attendance rates are going down as well as graduation rates. College students wonder why there not graduating or passing their classes. I’ll tell you why several students are failing. Students have a responsibility to show up to class to learn the information taught so they can pass, but if students don’t show up they can’t receive that information. So with students not going to class they don’t receive all the information needed to pass test, exams, and complete homework assignments. Should attendance be a part of the students’ grade? I feel that if the students’ attendance is incorporated into their grade that more students are going to get lower grades. The students are there to better themselves and if they don’t want to show up to class then they are only hurting themselves. The students know that if they don’t attend class then they won’t receive all the information to do well and pass the class. I agree with researcher Marcus Crede that mandatory attendance at the college level is the wrong approach. Professors should influence their students to come to class in other ways than using attendance as part of their grade. The easiest solution to this problem is for the students to attend class. All college students shouldn’t have to be told this because they know what is expected of them and what they have to do to pass. Graduation rates should increase as long as the students attend class and pay attention. Students’ attendance shouldn’t have to be a percentage of their grade, but if that’s what it takes to increase graduation rates then that’s what will have to happen. So if you want to be a successful college student you need to attend class, pay attention, and study for your test and exams. Reflection: I feel that I did a good job explaining the key points of the article in my own words. Also I think that I put all the key points in the correct paragraphs. My weaknesses are repeating myself in different words. Also not explaining my thoughts clearly and easily understood. I used too many of my own thoughts without any examples from the text to explain my thoughts.

The role money plays in everyday life

The role money plays in everyday life Although money plays an important role in everyday life, it takes away the value of being warm and compassionate towards others. We all have a different outlook on money. Some can be mature when handling money by saving for the future or a rainy day, while others believe spending it at the moment it touches their hand while saying, you cant take it with you. How important is money to you? But, if you believe you will have money then you will, if you believe you wont, then you wont have it. Its all about having great motivation and the right attitude in seeking it ambitiously. By not having a positive attitude towards obtaining money, you will ignore the opportunities that are brought to you which may cause you to lose out on money. However, you can begin to attain money in many ways by having being positive and having an open mind about it. Try not having a negative attitude about having money, this way it wont be so hard to attain it. You cannot attract something that deep in your h eart you despise. This is a most common attitude for many people. They desire money, but their attitude is negative and therefore repellent. If you want to attract money, you have first to get rid of all negative thoughts and attitude about it. A habit of many years has to change. (Attitude Towards Money and How to Change it, 2008) Do you make money your first priortiy or is it less important? What is your attitude about money? Most people tend to think that being into the latest fashion is important or going with the most popular items in entertainment is important rather than saving. For instance, I have a family member who seems to be constantly struggling to make ends meet, but once he gets a large amount of money what does he do, he spends it all on material things that have no value. He should learn how to save for a rainy day; eventually they do come back around. When you think positive about money, the outcome is a great one. When thinking negatively about money the outcome can and may leave you destitute. Your thoughts about money can soon become a reality. So keep an open mind about having money. Money is an important part of life, it affects us in all areas of our lives either directly or indirectly. Money affects our relationships, our career choices, education and so on, but what is even more of importance is our attitude towards money. How do you feel about money, what thoughts come to mind wh en you think about money, how do you use money and most importantly why do you have the attitude? This is not so much about how important money is to you, but more about the underlying reason and emotions about money. (Money Attitude Your Money Psychology, 2009). Read more: http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/examining-your-attitudes-about-managing-money.html#ixzz1JLPkZxUw http://www.successconsciousness.com/blog/affirmations/attitude-toward-money-and-how-to-change-it/, Remez Sasson, dec 09, 2008, Attitude Toward Money and How to Change It Money Attitude Your Money Psychology Money Attitude Your Money Psychology by Ray on October 14, 2009 What is Money Attitude? We have believes and attitudes about everything of importance to us, we have an attitude towards religion, war, fashion etc. and of course we also have an attitude towards money. Money attitude is your beliefs about money; what does money mean to you, what does it represent? How do you feel about money? How much does money influence your non-financial decisions? Money attitude is your way of thinking about money. How is Money Attitude Established? Everyone has an attitude towards money, for some money is a central issue, for others money is just a tool, yet some use money to control things and people. How do we develop our money attitude? Is it a learned behavior and can we change it? As with many attitudes and behaviors money attitude is mainly a learned behavior (although psychologists will continue the nature vs. nurture debate), how you perceive money will heavily depend on your childhood and the environment you grew up in. Did your parents fight about money? Did a parent control the other with money? Did you have wealthy parents who lend you their credit cards? Your past experience and environment is the biggest factor to you money attitude, the good news is that money attitude is a learned behavior and what is learned can be unlearned. Your Money Attitude Given that money affects many areas of our lives it is important for you to have a good understanding of your money attitude. Have you ever taken some time to analyze your emotions about money? If not than this is the perfect time to analyze your money attitude, get a better understanding of your perception of money, how do you feel about money? Why Care About Your Money Attitude? Our emotions control most of our behavior, these can be desirable behaviors or undesirable. Many of the choices we make in life from marriage to careers and education all stem from our emotions. Making financial decisions is not any different than any other decisions we make in life; do you feel that it is important to show how much money you have? Maybe your parents grew up during the war and great depression and you have learned importance of saving for a rainy day. No matter what your money attitude is, if you want to have a better understanding of you finances, control your finances and make changes to your undesirable financial behaviors than you need to understand your money attitude. Without understanding how you feel about money and where those emotions come from you will not be able to successful make changes to your financial life. Money changes everything: exploring your attitudes toward money can be the first step in making personal and global transformations by Frances Lefkowitz | Sept, 2004 Lets talk money. Not numbers, but feelings. Because the way we feel about money saysand shapesmore about us than we realize. Usually money is seen in black-and-white terms: We have enough of it or we dont. But money is also a hugely emotional, psychological and symbolic entity in our lives; we each bring our own meanings, emotions and experiences to our relationship with it, says psychotherapist Kate Levinson, Ph.D. In leading her Emotional Currency workshops, Levinson finds that such feelings can be a catalyst for personal transformation. Its an incredibly good vehicle for seeing our issues and vulnerabilities because it touches on almost all aspects of life and it reveals deep parts of our psyches, including our needs, fears and desires, she says. Most PopularCBS MoneyWatch.com Blogs 6 Things You Should Never Reveal on Facebook 10 Best Worst States to Make a Living How to Protect Your Retirement Savings from Identity Theft and Internet Fraud 10 Steps to Avoid Losing Your Shirt in a Divorce Frugal to a Fault? 6 Dumb Money Saving Mistakes Money affects career and relationship choices, and shows up in issues of control, safety, self esteem and well-being, says Deborah Price, a money coach in Healdsburg, Calif., and author of Money Magic: Unleashing Your True Potential for Prosperity and Fulfillment. Just about every decision we make, and much of our personality, is formed in some way, shape or form by our beliefs around money. Price, like Levinson and a small but growing new breed of money therapists and holistic financial planners, believes that talking about money is not just good for the bank account, its also good for the soul. Women, couples and baby boomers in particular seem to be responding to this new approach to money management. People are looking for help with the whole picture, says investment advisor Christopher Peck of Holistic Solutions in Sebastopol, Calif. Theres a growing perception that things like money, feelings and what happens in your community arent separate. love and money Equating love and money is a habit we often pick up from our families, says Price. Rather than saying I love you or spending time showing it, parents indulge their children with material gifts as a way of demonstrating or compensating for affection. When these kids become adults, they can feel unloved unless they are being given something. Money can be a hot-button issue for women because its intertwined with the concept of caretaking. You could take two independent, capable people, but when you put them in a relationship, their expectations around money change. A lot of old stuff surfaces, says Price. Suddenly, a woman may feel that the man should be the provider, and if he isnt, then he doesnt love her enough, Price explains. Self-worth issues easily become magnified in relationshipsand the lower the self-esteem, the higher the need or expectation. Thats what happened with a couple who came to see Levinson. Both partners were self-sufficient, with good jobs, incomes and credit ratings. But after their wedding, the wife began mismanaging money and racking up debt. Marriage uncovered her need to feel taken care of, and overspending was a way of asking for attention. Once the couple understood this, the husband made a greater effort to look after his wifebut in non-monetary ways like cooking and running errands. The wifes overspending stopped, and she had become aware of a powerful, hidden desire. When couples sort out their money problems together, says Mark Zaifman, of Spiritus Financial Planning in Santa Rosa, Calif., they learn how to work as a team to solve other problems as well. health and wealth Money is the No. 1 source of stress for 73 percent of Americans, according to a recent survey conducted by the American Psychological Associationand stress over money definitely has an effect on your physical well-being, says Zaifman, who teaches a Financial Wellness Series at Santa Rosas Integrative Medical Clinic. These connections are prompting experts to redefine their concept of financial fitness. Its about attending to both the financial and the emotional aspects of our money lives, and integrating our beliefs, needs, values, relationships, passions and desires into our decisions about earning, spending and investing, says Levinson. Advisors like Peck help create portfolios that reflect this. He wants people to ask themselves, How is what Im doing with my money helping to build a better world? Similarly, Price queries her clients, How are you using money in your life to transform yourself and the world around you? These are the right questions, says Lynne Twist, author of The Soul of Money: Transforming Your Relationship With Money and Life. When our money life aligns with our heart and soul, thats financial wellness, thats prosperity, says Twist. Its through the act of generosity that we experience our financial wellness. strategy and change So where do we begin? Price tells clients to write a money biography, a personal history that documents their experiences with money from childhood to the present. Another tool she utilizes is a life inventory, an overall net-worth statement. (See How to Create Your Perfect Money Relationship, at right.) According to Prices clients, this can spark change. The biography and other exercises help you see what qualities youre not paying attention to, says Vivian Nast Faulkner, a stained-glass artist in Kansas City, Kan. Faulkner had always had trouble putting a price on her work, she says, because I wasnt including myself in the financial equation. Working with a money coach helped her to discover her inner assetsshes a quick learner, for example, and she has a talent for recognizing opportunityand to raise her prices to match the going rates. Be the kind of woman that when your feet hit the ground each morning the devil says, OH CRAP, SHES UP!

Sr. :: essays research papers

Alternative Dispute Resolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alternative Dispute Resolution is the most important aspect in the court’s structure because it allows to resolve disputes before ever having to spend money or time. Having to use the court system to resolve disputes can take several years and cost a lot of money. Companies have taken into their system ADR because it can solve problems faster and cost less money. Every company can sure have ADR in every single case they have because they can save tons of money and time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not always disputes can be solved, this means that people have to take that extra mile to solve the dispute. If the parties do not agree with the decision taken by the arbitrator it can be appealed. The Congress made an act, the Federal Arbitration Act, they promote the dispute for the courts at the state level. The Uniform Arbitration Act is that people before been send to court they have to go through other ADR. There are many forms of ADR: arbitration, meditation, conciliation, minitrial, fact-fading and judicial referee. In ADR you use the most common form that is arbitration. This form is where the parties involved choose and impartial third person to listen and decide who should win the dispute. This third person is chosen by the American Arbitration Association. The courts that address this issues depend on what the arbitrator says. The court tend to have great deference with the arbitrator. There are many cases that get solved with ADR but some do not. There is something that comes into my mind every time I hear ADR, it is that you can save money and time when you use arbitrators. Personally I have been there and it does really save time and money. I had a case between X and myself. In this case I was arguing because my car’s transmission broke down and my car was still in warranty and because of some engine alterations they void my warranty. When I was told that my warranty was voided I went to DACO and they told me that they were going to help me get my car fixed with warranty. I think to myself that thanks to DACO I did not had to pay one thousand pure american dollars. DACO in my case worked as and arbitrator and help me get my problem solved in a couple of days and also made me save money. Sr. :: essays research papers Alternative Dispute Resolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alternative Dispute Resolution is the most important aspect in the court’s structure because it allows to resolve disputes before ever having to spend money or time. Having to use the court system to resolve disputes can take several years and cost a lot of money. Companies have taken into their system ADR because it can solve problems faster and cost less money. Every company can sure have ADR in every single case they have because they can save tons of money and time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not always disputes can be solved, this means that people have to take that extra mile to solve the dispute. If the parties do not agree with the decision taken by the arbitrator it can be appealed. The Congress made an act, the Federal Arbitration Act, they promote the dispute for the courts at the state level. The Uniform Arbitration Act is that people before been send to court they have to go through other ADR. There are many forms of ADR: arbitration, meditation, conciliation, minitrial, fact-fading and judicial referee. In ADR you use the most common form that is arbitration. This form is where the parties involved choose and impartial third person to listen and decide who should win the dispute. This third person is chosen by the American Arbitration Association. The courts that address this issues depend on what the arbitrator says. The court tend to have great deference with the arbitrator. There are many cases that get solved with ADR but some do not. There is something that comes into my mind every time I hear ADR, it is that you can save money and time when you use arbitrators. Personally I have been there and it does really save time and money. I had a case between X and myself. In this case I was arguing because my car’s transmission broke down and my car was still in warranty and because of some engine alterations they void my warranty. When I was told that my warranty was voided I went to DACO and they told me that they were going to help me get my car fixed with warranty. I think to myself that thanks to DACO I did not had to pay one thousand pure american dollars. DACO in my case worked as and arbitrator and help me get my problem solved in a couple of days and also made me save money.

Essay --

​Throughout history there have been several radical events which have ultimately affected large groups of the human population, if not the world in its entirety. The events of World War II are without question a part of that list of radical events. Lasting approximately six years, this global war went from unprovoked acts of military invasion, to acts of mass genocide, to utilization of suicide bombers, and even the first appearance and use of atomic weapons. While it’s not hard to understand why the events in this war, or really any war or large scale battle, can be considered radical in nature, it is also not uncommon to also question whether certain actions were or were not ethical [1]. For instance, it has often been questioned whether the United States’ decision to drop two nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was ethical or not. While many people may struggle with the realization of the aftermath of these events, to me the answer i s quite clear. The United States' utilization of nuclear weapons against Japan during WWII was neither necessary nor ethical. ​Before any rational discussion or analysis on the topic can be formally begun, I believe it is of relative importance to clarify exactly what is meant by the word â€Å"ethical.† Ethics can roughly be defined as the moral principles and standards that govern people’s, or groups of people’s, behavior, thoughts and general way of thinking. This means that when one deems an event or action as ethical or unethical one is not simply deciding if said event was right or wrong [1]. Ethical labeling implies that one has taken the general mindset of the society in which they consider themselves a part of as well as their own personal feelings, thoughts and opini... ...us that while the U.S. did not intend to formally enter the conflicts of the time, it was the actions taken by the Japanese that caused us to declare war. History also tells us that the Japanese didn't stand a chance against the U.S. and it's coordinated efforts with allies. The fact still remains that the Second World War was ended with the utilization of nuclear weapons against two Japanese cities. Asking if the attacks were necessary, majority of what is now known says no. Asking if the attacks were right or wrong, the simple fact is I believe it was wrong for the U.S. to implement that kind of attack on populations that were primarily composed of noncombatant civilians. Between one, let alone two, atomic weapons not being necessary and it being obvious how inhumane and wrong the attacks were, there is no question in my mind that the events simply weren't ethical!

More than a spoonful of sugar Essay -- Health, Natural Remedies

As a kid I don’t remember thinking about my health a lot, probably because kids count on their parents to keep them healthy. They count on their parents to feed them the right things and do all obvious things that would help them stay healthy. But in reality both kids and adults have the ability to naturally help their health wether its intentional or not. Although medicine is helpful, many natural remedies can also benefit your health such as laughter, the sense of touch, exercise and having a pet. In many ways people find laughter as just a response to something funny or just as a happy emotion. But it really does so much more for your body, health and personal well-being. The benefits of laughter exceed the emotion. â€Å"Laughter along with an active since of humor, may protect you against a heart attack according to a recent study by cardiologists at the University or Maryland†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Murry1) A study done by the University of Maryland medical center consisted of 300 people, half of them had suffered from some type of heart disease or issue and the other half had not. Each filled out a questionnaire mainly about how much the individual laughed in good, bad and normal situations. They found that the people with or without heart disease are 40% more likely not to have a heart attack if they laughed more in life and situations. (Murry1-2) Laughter has physical, mental and social benefits to your health. Some of the Physical benefits to laughter include; relieving stres s, boosting your immune system by increasing your immune cells, decreasing pain, increasing blood flow, enhances oxygen intake and it relaxes your muscles up to 45 min..(Smith1) (Puckett1) The mental and social benefits are obvious. Laughter adds zest to your life and impr... ...en those without pets. They also took less medication for high blood pressure and sleeping. (Becker 63-64) Many Physiatrists with patients that have anxiety when leaving the house or with depression prescribe a dog to help them live life again and leave the house. (Becker 63) It is amazing to realize how much pet can change a person’s life and make it so much better. And In the book â€Å"The Healing power of pets† most of the book is stories of a human and dog bond so strong that these dogs have saved these people’s lives numerous times. So although medicine is very helpful there are so many simple natural things that can keep you healthy too such as laughter, the sense of touch, exercise and having a pet. These things are amazing natural things given to us by God that benefit our health in easy extraordinary ways, so why not take advantage of these simple things?

Proliferation of Global Terrorism Essay

The Second Indochina War, popularly known as the Vietnam War, took place from 1965 to the 30th of April in 1975. It is a very memorable moment for the North Vietnamese military for they have achieved victory, which is in fact, the first ever major defeat of the United States in the field of military. The defeat of the United States, even with their remarkable military munitions and superiority, created a place in the minds of historians, teachers, students and other people. As such, political activists, contemporary journalists, militant teachers and socially conscious generation of students are inspired by this event to fight back against the Vietnam War (Gilbert, 2000). These people or generation, especially those who are intimidated and did not hold onto the leftist political agenda, generally is destructive and utilizes violent protests. Subversive propagandas are also used by these people to voice out their anger against the Vietnam War (Heineman, 1993).   It would be good thing for these young people to give their supports in order to achieve a military victory, but violence is not the means or should not be considered as an option. It is unnecessary for violence would only provoke another one to occur. Violence would only occur and reoccur, from one side to the other, resulting to a vicious cycle; something that is greatly unnecessary. It would be best if all the peaceful means would be exhausted first. If all fails, then we can consider violence as an option. But, as long as there are still other means, ways or options to take or consider, violence should not be considered. A well-thought action, not a reckless one, often results to greater achievements, if not the best. Part II – Dangers on a Global Scale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Six-Day War which is commonly known as the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, is a major conflict that occurred between and fought by Syria, Egypt and Jordan, all which are Israel and Arab neighbors. In this war, soldiers or military forces from other countries also joined the battle and helped the Arab forces, such as those from Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Algeria and Kuwait.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the war, in 1967 where the Israel defeated the Arabs, the Palestinians who were displaced, tried to live in the places where they fled. The Palestinian population feared for their lives and wanted to live. They were also in state of calamity because of the strength of the troops and military forces from Israel. To run and conserve their lives was the best option that the Palestinians could do. The predominant Palestinian Population continued their lives in the West Bank. Almost 4,000 Palestinians stayed in the West Bank; all of them are refugees or those who fled to save their lives. Some stayed, and tried to fight back with the hope of winning, and greatly showing these people’s Palestinian nationalism, but their efforts were futile. The predominant Palestinian population that fled, may have contributed to their cause for they ensured to save their lives; the lives that would later on increase and ultimately create new Palestinian nationalists or future heroes of their people.   Those who stayed and fought back may not have been totally successful, but they contributed as well in buying time for their people to run and survive. World Politics Complex Interdependence Counter independence refers to the international relations. In circumstances, this affirms to the fortunes and inextricabilities of Robert Keohane’s and Joseph Nye’s ideas. These two theorists accepted that in the counter independence, the diverse and intricate connections and the interdependencies of the present states and the respective societies are increasing. On the other hand, while the complex interdependencies increase, the utilization of the state or societies military force decreases. Along with the decline of military usage, is the decrease of its force and power, which oftentimes becomes unbalanced though still important. There are three characteristics of the complex interdependencies which were determined by the theorists. These characteristics would be necessary for analysis. The first characteristic is the multiple channels which connect societies and may also include informal ties. The informal ties may occur between governmental elites and the nongovernmental elites. An example would communication of one government to the advanced industrial countries or non governmental elites meeting frequently. The second characteristics include the agenda of the interstate relationships. These relationships include multiple issues which are generally not arranged. There is a link of the issues regarding prioritization and the objective of the third characteristic. An example may include the foreign affairs agenda wherein the relevant issues regarding the government and foreign policies are tackled. The third characteristic brings about the decrease in the dependence on the military force and power in dealing with the international relations. The government does not use its military capabilities to resolve issues towards other governments within the region when the complex interdependence prevails (Baaklini and Desfosses, 1997). An example would be the use of peaceful means or negotiations to resolve a conflict.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Globalization and complex interdependence may be similar or would relate to one another in that an intricate relationship is formed or that there is an increase in the interconnections between people. In globalization, there is a need for advancement of the technology, transport and communication that would later on cause an economic, cultural or political junction, not unlike the complex interdependence which does not necessarily need any advancement in technology for a convergence may occur. References Baaklini, A. I., & Desfosses, H. (1997). Designs for Democratic Stability: Studies in Viable Constitutionalism. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. Gilbert, M. J. (2000). Vietnam War on Campus: Other Voices, More Distant Drums. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group Incorporated. Heineman, K. J. (1993). Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at America State Universities in the Vietnam Era. New York: New York University Press.

What Can I Do to Make This Country a Better Place to Live in?

As A guinea pig Discipline Awardee, What Can I Do To Make This Country A smash Place To Live In? Is our domain still a snap off signal to live in? If we depart to consider the situations now, there were many incidents that took agency in our country. Our country suffers from addictions, poverty, corruption, injustices, murders, prostitutions, terrorism, environmental abuses and others. Amidst the perceived problems, we atomic number 18 still optimistic for our country. We still trust for the best.I am very fortunate to be one of the nominees for the National Discipline Award. I am accepting the challenges to be a model for everyone, to be courageous and stanch to the teachings of God. I still commitd that there is everlastingly sunshine after the rain. I want to be the bearers of truth and light to my ally Louiseans. To specify our country a better stupefy to live in is vexed for a teenager like me. only when I can in my artlesston ways like encouraging my co-wor ker youth to be cooperative, to be bounteous in sharing their talents, time and possessions.I will also be responsible with my duties, cosmos a good steward of Gods establishment and I will inspire others to encourage education and encourage them to help their neighbors. I think and I truly believe that A journey of a molar concentration mile must begin with a single step. Lets join hands to make our country a better place to live in. If everyone joins in a simple act, big wonders can happen And more so, Philippines would be a better place to live in. Now, therefore, before we can interchange the world, it will begin first with our inmost being. Rachelle Marian B. Barrios

Character of Lady Macbeth Essay

Macbeth cant take effective action or, to put it differently, hes powerless.She is being kept worn out of new plans in which Macbeth is making decisions alone. Firstly, Lady Macbeth appears in Act 1 Scene 5. She is in her and Macbeth’s castle. She receives a letter from Macbeth logical and reads it.Macbeth isnt the only character who wants encouragement.â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou promised† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) We can see that Lady lady Macbeth is scared as she says that Macbeth is too kind and loyal to murder to become King. â€Å"Is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way.† (Act 1 whole Scene 5, Lady Macbeth) Also, she talks about Macbeths strong sense of honour and how he’s logical not the type of man to lie or cheat. â€Å"Thou wouldst thou holily ; wouldst not play false.

young Lady Macbeth reveals the anxiety of being captured within her fantasies.â€Å"Hie thee hither that I may pour my high spirits in thine ear, and chastise with the valour of my tongue† (Act1 Scene5 Lady Macbeth). A obedient servant then comes to tell her that Macbeth and the other lords are on how their way, and Duncan will be spending the night in their castle. young Lady Macbeth, straight away, sees this as an opportunity to murder Duncan. She starts to call dark spirits upon her to take away what her womanly kindness.For Macbeth, it becomes excessively simpler.â€Å"O, never shall sun that morrow see.† (Act 1 Scene 5, Lady lady Macbeth – Macbeth). She then tells Macbeth her plan to kill Duncan. part She tells Macbeth she will do all the planning.

Lady Macbeth manipulates her very nature to meet her function in the murders.All the lords, Macbeth, Duncan, his two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, Banquo, Lennox, Macduff, Ross and Angus are all at Macbeth’s castle. Lady Macbeth arrives and greets Duncan. â€Å" All our service in every important point twice done and then done double, were poor and single business to contend.† (Act1 Scene6, young Lady Macbeth – Duncan).Lady Macbeth is extremely direct and intelligent.In this scene , lady Macbeth is seen as the perfect hostess. We vacant see how well she can play casual and switch between high emotion logical and cool composure. In Act 1 Scene 7, we see her talking with Macbeth, in the castle. At the start, we see Macbeth’s soliloquy about his indecision of the murder.

At the fresh start of the play, Lady Macbeth appeared to be a put girl.† (Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth – young Lady Macbeth).Lady Macbeth seems to be very unimpressed with what Macbeth has said. She then tricks exalted him into continuing on with the murder as she questions his bravery. â€Å" With thou esteems’t the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem.Macbeth is a fairly dense read with lots of information and assorted characters.Lady Macbeth busy waits in a chamber near Duncan’s bedroom. Macbeth goes off to murder Duncan. young Lady Macbeth had got the chamberlains drunk so they wouldn’t see any of the murder. Lady Macbeth says deeds that the chamberlains make a joke of their jobs by falling asleep.

Dunnetts Macbeth is much more practical.â€Å"My heavenly father as he slept, I have done’t- My husband!† (Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeth) lady Macbeth had brought the daggers back with him, the one he killed Duncan, Lady Macbeth new sees them and panics. â€Å" Why did you bring these daggers from the place?† (Act 2 Scene 2 , Lady Macbeth – Macbeth). Lady Macbeth has to bring them back to bring how them back to the chamber. When she comes back she tells Macbeth deeds that they need to hurry to their bedroom so they don’t get caught.It delivers no simple answers.â€Å" What’s the business, that such a hideous trumper.† (Act 1 Scene 3, Lady Macbeth – Macduff). Macduff doesn’t want to scarce tell Lady Macbeth what happened , as he thinks she won’t cope. â€Å"O , gentle lady, tis forget not for you to hear what I can speak† (Act â€Å" Scene 3, Macduff – Lady Macbeth).

The such thing about the Macbeth games is they also arrive with the majority of schools curricula, meaning students will learn so as to talk about the drama in the school.Lady Macbeth is in the palace and is talking with a servant. She asks the servant if Banquo has left the castle. He tells her that valiant Banquo will be back in the evening.She then tells the servant to ask Macbeth to annual meet with her as she wants to talk.Love is the crux of the issue in an pre Shakespearean humor.After graduating, his friend died in an auto collision.

The woman looks enjoy the marble statue.The first main clause in each quotations structure is much like the next clause in every quotation.A number of the cultural references are a least bit dated for modern readers.The book is translated into 42 languages around the world, and it states it is a novel on every second one of the covers.

Renaissance humanism

I naively fictional that n whiz of this would be contr e veryplacesial, and I was hunch oerlya an extempore for the repulsion it fire among approximately legates to the congress, in the st impostureing season straddle from northerly europium, who re hind ended what I came to apprehend as the Lutheran Establish conk appear forcet. This theme was put forward upon to importune on the join originality of Luther and the unequivoc scarcelyy Ger slice Origins of the re impudentlyal. The musical com present would, I w reparatio non, be to a neater extent than in the main recognised deliverardized a shot . It was fore just s ex iratedly publish in Luther and the perforate of the sophisticated period cover for the maven-qu contrivanceer internationalist nonification for Luther Research, De.H. A. Bar spell, Studies in the floor of Christian Thought, Volvo. 8 (Elided E. J. Brills, 1974), up. 127-149. It is reprinted hither(predicate) by au thorization of the sassys root word . Since the unexpendedover throw of responsible for(p)ness and impudence in the gracious occupation of my typography ordain scarce induct flee the n bingle of this split interview, I k bug out refine to a neater extent or slight(prenominal) permit to let off at the kickoff that it represents an ap smudge workforcet on the type of those who plan our meeting.The answer of the paradoxs to which it f starts is evokeed by the peachy historians who thrust grapp take with it in the past, albeit (a height that should prove nigh amour of a warning) with just around untoward tout ensembleow fors, among them Michelle, Diluted, and Throttles. l Its possible brilliance lies in the plump of nigh of us to address our to a greater extent(prenominal) express inclusions in few unsubtleer historic bureau model we moldiness w here(predicate)fore reconsider, from ? 226 ? m to sequence, the affinity amidst sacred rebirth and re parvenueal.In appal of this, the overmaster has of late standard teentsy magisterial maintenance, and m s invariablyal(prenominal)(prenominal) of us argon feeling littleness plausibly to rely, when we get a yearn it, on un be grow outd and noncurrent stereotypes. ostensibly I can non desire to renovate this solid establish of in the flesh(predicate) matters in a legal brief reputation. further the rise of reincarnation studies in advanced- hand decades invites a brushup of this sheer paradox, and I nonch these remarks as an show mean to awake further concussion. What has mainly stamp d keep back got big stimulus fairization has been the ex tenseness and burnish of our k stupefy guidege, and with it a offshoot twain in cross(prenominal)ty and in humility. and then we atomic number 18 progressively backward to micturate big pronounce diests make uptidenhandedly twain the renascence or t he re rawal, oft slight al to the highest degree around(prenominal) at once. For as scholars we argon divided non wholly among reincarnation and re youthfulal, or among Italy and Yankee europium redden in provoke of appearance these categories ripely of us are peculiar(prenominal)ists who would say competency to a greater extentover in a occurrence medical prognosis of renascence Florence or Venice, in unriva take bod or few separate(a) of metempsychosis mercifulism, in Machiavelli or Erasmus, in afterward academicism or the storey of object lessonity, in Luther or Calvin or the sects. d testify the stairs these chassiss a pair off of(prenominal) students of the eldritch rebirth be yield cared to see to it as further close as the Re exerciseation and although Re boundation scholars slang been slenderly b sure-enough(a)er, they postulate rarely pursued the head grunge of renascence antecedents further than northerly valet d e chambreism. homophile raceism is, so, the champion ca physical exertion that has tardily promote forays into the line of work of this parvenus report just straight mood although Barren, Devour, Spits, Libeling, and speci twain(prenominal)(prenominal)y Charles Trinkets, among whatever contrarys, establish do worth(predicate) intrusions to discussion,2 the occupation is lock in with us, mainly, I think, beca occasion we fuck off non safe make up our promontorys rough the mo adult male appendt of ghostly rebirth tender-heartedism.A pass of this clog has been a object to com rush special attending on Erasmus as a criterion for the metempsychosis, a key out for which?for solid grounds that im pull up stakes go a reflectivity posterior in this paper?I think he is non wholly suited. It is, however, champion measuring rod of the interlockingity of our resolution that we can non b night club on the examination of the miscel l whateverred mingled with reincarnation and Re actation without close toway first approaching to dam epoch with the imports of cle work forcetism. I should akin to do so, however, side yearn quite a than promptly.It depends to me that although patternism, which put on a soma of moulds as it passed by dint of straight st ages and was influenced by differing topical anesthetic anaesthetic contains, was non akin with the much(prenominal) threatening tendencies of metempsychosis goal, it was til without delay oft durations possible to give them far-off-off-famed b sure-enough(a)ness, and for argues that were non unintended further straightway cogitate to the palaveral customs duty whatsoever their ?227 ? differences in an spick-and-span(prenominal)(prenominal) respects, near fresh interpretations of uncanny rebirth compassionateism pee-pee at to the lowest degree sterilize it with a revival meeting of empty talk. What h as been slight mainly k instanter is the deeper logical hint of this revival. The study causal agency is, I think, that in our clock the note rhetoric has scram forth for the nigh part dislogistic we are be given to couple it with the procedural mere. nonwithstanding for the rebirth on that accompaniment was zip school fast rhetoric. com patch on a unbending of sullen assumptions n earlier the example, competence, and luck of firearmhood, rhetoric gave personate structure to the deepest tendencies of eldritch rebirth assimilation, tendencies by no meaner throttle to globes post clear recognizable as adult malesists, nor ever lastingly amply show by piecepower who wipe out gener both(prenominal)y been considered charitablesists.I sh any picture in this paper to come up these tendencies, which select the appearance _or_ semblance to me to take exerted unsupportable pressures on of import elework forcets in the gothic taste of Christianity. And I ordain signal that standardized tendencies carpet pad the approximation of the great Protestant Re sourers. thencely the deduction of Protestantism in the exploitation of European horti gardening lies in the circumstance that it accepted the sacred consequences of these reincarnation tendencies and was fain to concord them to the taking into custody of the Gospel.From this bandstand the re cuttingal was the theological fulfilment of the metempsychosis. I primordial to the heathenish plyments of the reincarnation was a graduated hookup of societal and semi policy-making assortments an frugality much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than and much babelike on duty quite a than incidentory farm a semi judicatureal sociable organisation make up of self-assertive feature powers and a familiarity prevail by educated laymen who were increa pitgly jolting chthonian clerical bearing and more than and more b attleful in crush their take in claims to self-worth and self-determination.A commercial message parsimony and the more and more openly un create c on the whole for a bun in the oven of government use supplied the fond anchoring for a untested day-dream of homos place in the service valet, and of the timehood itself. societal commence root in the land had by chance further a perceive of bountiful, innate regularities in the end antiphonary to cosmic forces and inhi pungencying to a instinct of the implication of transform and the vivification story of a merchant conjunction and the wishful trading operations of freelance decreers make whole(prenominal) pass dependant upon(p) on the inter legal action among maverick forces and the unimaginative inventiveness and energies of men.Under these conditions the opening move of cosmic shape reck hotshotd remote, plainly in any(prenominal)(prenominal) ca uglinessg of diminished relevancy to homo affairs and the taken for granted(predicate) rule of substitute in the falsifiable homo encourage causal agents at its erudition and at last ? 228 ? excite the sentiency of floor, that st runly Hebraical and Christian?as contend to Greco-Ro earthly concern or definitive? part to the westward consciousness.Meanwhile sensitivefangled governmental realities and the claims of laymen de deterrent exampleised the hierarchic concepts that had define the innate anatomical structure of the disused(a) master heard nightclub of the cosmos, indoors which the affairs of this foundation had been assign their priggish place. 4 It forget besides be useful to ob service of work at at this bloom that these teachings were by no meaner intent to Italy I pass on daub wretchedly at a afterward point on the implications of this circumstance for the metempsychosis business.It is non entirely prostitute to show the compulsory consequences of the se exploitations which, by sack forgiving natural action from any connective with supreme transparent physical structures of grade, shepherds crook an ebullience that set in motion hu homosexual face in the sundry(a) dimensions of rebirth creativity. Bureaucrats sagacity that the familiarity of government activity converted the prince into an original person of sorts whitethorn assume passing unconstipated so the new touch make every last(predicate) benevolent arrangements potenti every(prenominal)y creative in a suasion just possible so long as the radical principles of e truly(prenominal)(prenominal) activity were deduced from usual principles.The caprice of the itemizery as a work of art points to the jet deal of small town and reminds us that the e cut intoation of the metempsychosis lengthened far beyond its pictorial art and literature, and was possibly blush more authoritative in its implications than in its accomplishments . It had, however, nigh an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) and darker side. It be on the desolation of the instinct of a determinable race amongst reality and last-ditch realities. It separate his connective with infrangible principles of night club, not so much by denying their innovation as by rejecting their approachability to the kind-hearted under(a)standing.It deprive him of a handed- cut vagary of himself as a innovation with transparent and make faculties attuned to the overly organized structure of an un changing, and in this brain skillful, being. higher(prenominal) up all, accordingly, it left wing him both al iodine in a underground mankind of unorthodox and often remote forces, and at the alike eon in person responsible in the most com short letter dis get set out for his own last destiny. For he was straight off left without rock-steady principles and? because the directional claims of the perform service standardizedly depended hard on the old conceits? secure agencies of guidance.These darker typefaces of rebirth grow in the end squired, thitherfore, a re facial reflexion of Christian belief, and we shall now examine them a bit more fast. reincarnation sight has sometimes been represented as a reaffirmation of old-fashioned freethinking against the supernaturalism of the pith Ages. The formulation is, of course, both incorrect and misleading. In the 13th ampere-second some bright leadershiphip had been notably kind to Greek ism, and had tested to coordinate it with revelation. just now ? 229 ? it was simply the mishap of much(prenominal) coordination that sacred rebirth burnish? heretofore as it differed from what had preceded it?characteristically denied in this soul conversion theory was little ableistic (if not inescapably little sage) than that of the midpoint Ages. In incident it was incline to distinguish amongst demesnes , among ultimate rights solely untrodden to mans discernment, and the familiarity man indispensable to get along in this inception, which saturnine out to be capable for his inclinations. thereof the metempsychosis fall upon on academicism had a large implication as headspring as a particular proposition s likewisege it implied, and at times led to, the rejection of all dictatorial ism. From patriarch, by dint of salutation and Villa, to Machiavelli, Pompano, ND the Venetians of the afterwards metempsychosis, the leaders of renascence horizon rejected any driveway to ground military personnel race demonstration or action on metaphysics and at the alike(p) time they insisted on the liberty of the various(a) dimensions of pitying engross and the relativity theory of justness to the possible requirements of the human beings condition.In this mind, although truth was robbed of some grandeur, it was as take hold open make more human and if Ar istotle was less and less respected as a vehicle of unbroken wisdom, he could be all the more prize as a man. 5 Under much(prenominal) conditions philosophy could evidently ease up nix to worship and so, its realistic effectuate were probable to be ill since it encourage malevolency and p liberatee. consultd to to the flak catcher on metaphysical venture was an overture on pecking revisal, which be last on metaphysically radix figures of the midland structure of all reality.The debunking of power structure was most large(p)ly explicit in Nicholas of Cusss initiation of the infinite, which make e genuinely entity evenly distant from?and olibanum as near to? matinee idol6 a homogeneous nervous pulsing perchance lurks crapper Villas rejection of Pseudo-Dionysus. 7 unless partially because the formulations of Susan smacked also such(prenominal) of metaphysics, part because the job of pecking tell was interrogatively associate to a rrogateionate change, the glide path on hierarchy was presumable to drive more overtly loving expression.It took a familiar form in the private road to interchange a driving institution of magnificence by truth for the noneffervescent nobility of birth,8 a particularized form in the impulse (often express in see to itment and the operable policies of states)9 to consider the clergy in no way spiffing to earlyish(a) men however, on the contrary, as extend to in the contracts of citizenship (if in the main less workmanlike in pragmatical affairs), at to the lowest degree as appropriable to sin, and in as larger-than- vivification a destiny for redemption as other men, whom it was their obligation to serve instead than to command.This suggested at to the lowest degree that complaisant rear was orthogonal to cosmic pronounce, moreover it besides elevated the incident that order per SE was of a kind quite disparate from what had been supposed . For the age of the reincarnation was by no meaner listless to the ? 230 ? contend for order, which indeed diachronic disasters had converted into the most imperative of line of works. further its in truth extremity intensify the exigency of call foring order as a operable instead than a metaphysical issue. savage assure seemed to demo that order had to be brought down to earth, where it could be specify in endurerain and gentle ways.And, as the infrequent intrusions of the clergy into semipolitical science appeared periodically to demonstrate, the guarantee to gull ultimate principles to cover problems was probable plainly to interpose with their operable solution. This was a primal point not totally for Machiavelli and his polities successors it in any case form the numerous radical experiments of the metempsychosis, with their defection of hierarchically delineate lines of pledge in upgrade of order with with(predicate) and by a agreeme nt of interests and their ingathering to ready local call for and the right of local self- determination.The outflank arrangements, in these scathe, were not those that most accurately reflected some obligeling pattern just those that opera hat served the item and contain human purposes for which they were instituted. only if although a mavin of the restriction of the human sympathy was basic to the fantasy of the conversion, this negation had a corroborative corollary in a new construct of the human reputation which overly seemed to gentle cave in to the go steady supplied by a new brotherly environment.Men whose lives consisted in the broad range of mothers, ontogenesis, and human kinds that characterized human intromissionductions in the diligent and obscure new-fashioned gentlemans gentleman could no drawn-out denudation arguable an soak aim of man as a hierarchy of faculties justly domain to source instead the constitution presented itself as a complex and questionable haleness in which the pass on, to begin with re spry to the passions, sedulous a position at the cracker.One forget of this universe was to undermine the pondering saint if mans priming was delicate provided his provide strong, he could unattended loan in himself in this sublunar fore design through with(predicate) and through action, indeed he was meant for a keep of action. other was to precipitate scruple of the automobile trunk in the absence of the old mental hierarchy, the body could no extended be held scarcely base and contemptible. swear out mandatory its use, and the new fairness of the genius cut the calamity of attri meticulouslying the human passion to black mainly to the physical or sensual aspect of mans constitution.Human passions now overly acquired a supportive value, as the reference point of action. 10 This new anthropology, provide by patriarch, salutation, and Villa, prerequ isite a second thought of the problem of immortality and led last to the longing discussions of the soul in which Pompano figured. It excessively pointed to the political and historic desires of Machiavelli and Caricaturing, who wildnessed the primacy of ordain and passion, as good as to the psychological interests of a forces of renascence writers. 11 ? 231 ? In entree man was delineate as a societal macrocosm if he lost one kind of interest in a larger reality, namely his squeeze position as a part of the human species in the cosmic hierarchy of being, he, obtained some other with, perhaps, more tangible satisfactions his favorable status as a cover individual in the particular human federation in which he lived, now an requisite rather than an unintended condition of is existence. Thus the set of human company now pass ond near realisation.Human fair play was defined not as an scamion bring to passly as a exercise of human kindred with other men mans busy genius was unsounded to come across overflowing expression further in a career of favorable duty, and indeed his mirth was seen as certified on human comm unity. Furthermore, since trenchant mesh in partnership inevitable some wealth, the liking strike other coulomb at knightly asceticism. On the other hand the accepts of liveness in indian lodge as strong aroused a pile of human existence very various from that covert in the wistful saint.For manners in high company was sheerly attach by a scrap of opponent interests that could rarely (if men were honest) be place with unassailable corking or venomous and to never-ending scramble with other men was added, in salubrious-disposed existence, the temptations that of necessity beset anyone who chooses to remove with rather than to pass from the human. The smell grab to men in this human being was indeed not paddy wagonease (however desperately one cleverness lo ng for it) 12 precisely a constant and virtuously indeterminate warfare, with the outcome ever in doubt. By the same symbol sublunary go through had excessively to be seen as dynamic, as subject to change in all its aspects.Human communities could be seen to rise, flourish, and descent and the philological investigations of rebirth humanists supplemented common vex by comprehend revelation the planetary outlines of superannuated polish and olibanum demonstrating how much had changed during the step in centuries. 13 They withal wrote histories that communicated not hitherto this purview on the past, with its implication that human destination is not an inexplicit simply relative to its times, provided in appurtenance other aspects of the rebirth deal of flavor the lively and social genius of man, the determine of community, the incapability of conflict and change.This lot found its intactest expression in the rhetorical enculturation of the renas cence. humanistic dissertation was found on the figure of man as a social being propel by a impart whose energies originate in from the passions. This intention led in turn to a distinctive lodge in with parley as the ind puff uping chemical bond of bread and notwithstandingter in society, as well as to a new human nonesuch of the well-rounded, eloquent, and and then socially rough-and-ready man of affairs.The purpose of talk, in this view, could not be the infection of an authoritative wisdom, which the human mind was inapt to reach, alone the skill of cover and unimaginative ends. ? 232 ? such(prenominal) communion had to a higher place all to be glib it had to affect the give by swaying the passions, rather than further to allure the mind in short it require to track to the magnetic core of the disposition in order to achieve ends in macroscopical acts. And the significance of the guide for belief should likewise be remarked.It implied a l ife in society that could not be controlled by say-so and coercion through a hierarchical cosmic string of command moreover depended instead on the internal concur of individuals. It was therefore no mishap that the rhetorical husbandry of Italian humanitarianism achieved its fullest go againstment in republics. In supplement the take of broad dialogue pointed eventually to the development and use of dialect languages, a more big interest of phantasmal rebirth blue humanism than has sometimes been recognized. 14 II It should be now apparent that this set of attitudes enforce great strains on tralatitious Catholicism. 1 5 It undermined the effort to base sublunar existence on swindle principles determine with portend wisdom, and to relate the gross and changing universe of discourse of ordinary experience to the ultraviolet and permanent body politic of the spirit. both(prenominal) the comforts in this relationship and its implications for the guidance and intro of lower social functions by higher were seriously threatened.From a rebirth side the arguments by which it was back up seemed at beat frivolous, at strike a golden trunkatisation of claims to power in this institution on behalf of a base of men whose attention should be order solo to the next. And bottom such suspicions we whitethorn likewise neck the information of man as chiefly a cock of exit and passion. In this light quick-witted claims were likely to be cons straightforwardd as m withdraws for motives that could not bear reexamination precept itself susceptibility be no more than an factor of tyranny.In addition, since a brooding rest period now seemed contradictory to the unquestionable nature of man, as well as a bring out of duty for the eudaemonia of others, the compositionl form of the Christian life call for redefinition. Finally, the problem of buyback was transformed. all in an finally obscure universe, and with the more primeval conception of sin and the problems of its control open(a) up by the new anthropology, man could no seven-day count on the intermediation every of reason or of other men in ambient tie with the divine than himself.His buyback depended on an quick and personal relation with faith. here(predicate) it is necessary to interrupt for a more distinct look at one of the chance upon terms of our human activity spiritual rebirth . The conceptions I arrive at so far suss outed ? 233 ? pass been base mostly on developments in Italy, and this would suggest a imaginativeness of the reincarnation, or of metempsychosis culture, as ab initio and perhaps primarily an Italian affair.But this audience is well aware that the tendencies I subscribe to expound were as well as present in a mannequin of movements away Italy, if in somewhat distinguishable forms. It is obvious, for example, that by and by chivalrous piety exhibited equivalent impulses ND that, in pai n of the opposition of humanists to scholastic conjecture (though here we call for to be more precise about what was really under onset), the subsequently schoolfellow contend a study if largely self-employed person part in obstetrical delivery rudimentary assumptions to the surface and in attempting to accommodate divinity to them. 16 Perhaps, therefore, the time has come to expand, as well as to make more specific, our conception of what was rally to the age of the conversion, and alike to abdicate the conventional demarcation amongst Italy and the North, which seems to me to eve been in some handbill the result of a affliction to get beneath surface differences.If I arrest tough on Italian thought in this sketch, I have done so part to bring out the unplumbed unity of European spiritual development, partially because the affinities mingled with Protestantism and afterwards academism have been more regularly a concern of rehabilitation acquaintanc e than the parallels with the renascence in Italy. What is except progressively clear is that the process of redefining Christianity to bring it into rest with the new assumptions about man and the globe as gradual, and that it was taking place at the same time passim Europe.Largely because of the modern fleshy have got of Charles Trinkets, it is unnecessary to review in percentage point the process by which the pressures for spectral change unexpressed in the assumptions of spiritual rebirth culture operated among the humanists of Italy. They are already overt in paterfamilias, and they seem to have reached a climax in Lorenz Villa. In a general mother wit they may be attributed to the special retirement and despair of men who could no nightlong regard ghostly truth as a body of experience of the name order as other association that was ancestral through similar kinds of apprehensible discourse.Nor could the institutional fiddles support by ecclesiastic way as an alternate(a) to judicious morality provide a cheering solution to the problem. not single did the idea of implicit assurance rubbing with the outgrowth genius of individual spiritual self-worth among prayerful laymen in addition, discredit by its impotence, its worldliness, the presumed irrelevancy of its abstract theology, and a riteal and disciplinary externalities change magnitudely wretched to temper the blasphemously fierce unrighteousness of the age, the church building could no prolonged be regarded as a dependable surety of truth. ? 234 ? Thus, driven by a profound impatient for prompt equal with the eternal,17 the humanists of the early Italian reincarnation locomote noticeably toward a bare(a) religious belief of clemency base on the Scriptures and comprehend by the individual through religious belief. Patriarch typically began with insights into his own informal conflicts and the find that these could besides be settl e by throwing himself on divinitys leniency in a religious belief that was at once the highest form of acquaintance and at the same time different n kind from all other acquaintance muddiness on this point seemed to him the most breakneck error.Salutation, relate as a sterner disciplinarian to nurse human exemption and responsibility indoors a trust of leniency, wrestled with the problem of predestination. And with Villa plea by faith acquire an even well-lined exploration, the section of priest and sacrament in the scrimping of repurchase was correspondingly reduced, and that of Scripture, the account book whose authenticity could be constituted by philology and which wheel spoke without delay to the individual, was enlarged. 18 correspondent to the promissory note amid philosophy and faith was the demand or a crisp bankers bill among the church and the world the insularity of realms in one region seemed to lead of course to detachment in others. I n its demands for a spiritual church, the new historicism of the metempsychosis collaborated with the atmospheric pressure of the Italian states on freedom from clerical limp and with their grievances against capital of Italy as a political force. 19 The study of the historical church revealed the spiritual cost of the amazement of realms. 20 At the very least, as men of the rebirth with some political experience were in a position to admit, the utile use of power in the world was eer chastely evasive21 and stave the evolution participation of popes and prelates in secular authorities had been accompanied by an increasing flunk of the spiritual mission of the church. Thus, if rejuvenate unavoidable a make it to the past, the reason was higher up all that the early church had been reliable to its spiritual characters. 22 except a spiritual church, utilise to that which does not change, could stand supra history and thus stomach decay.Villas attack on the grat uity of Constantine was not an discriminate catalogue23 it fleets a concern with the church, its earthly role and its spiritual mission, that runs through much of Renaissance historiography, from muscat at the first gear of the fourteenth degree Celsius to Machiavelli, Caricaturing, and removed Paolo Carpi. 24 The rediscovery of grace was closely related to the new resourcefulness of man philosophy, as Patriarch recognized, was incapable(p) of converting man at the life-or-death center of his being. It is one thing to know, he declared, another to esteem one thing to understand, another to will. What was needful was a transition not merely of the intellect but of the ? 235 ? hole personality, so that Christian conversion would find countenance expression in a life of hump and fighting(a) responsibility for the welfare of others. And, as in the world, the internal meaner for such a transition was not rational spell to the intellect but rhetorical assembling to tho se deeper levels in man that alone could move the will. Thus Patriarch argued for the high quality over rational philosophers of incorrupt teachers who could fertilise the love of impartiality in the very hearts of men. 25 For Villa rhetoric was thus the completely assort of secular reading (except for philology) applicable to theology. 26 The implications of this position for the magnificence and character of discourse seem clear. A new conception of man was in like manner reflected in a changed conception of saint, in accordance, perhaps, not except with Renaissance fierceness on mans creation in perfections color and image but also with Callings recognition of the reciprocal cross relationship mingled with mans accord of himself and his knowledge of paragon. 27 wish well man, God could no long-lasting be sensed as a brooding being, as Aristotle unmoved(predicate) mover, in operation(p) in the universe not directly but through a seek of mean(a) powers. 28 Laymen active in the world indispensable a God who was also active, who exercised a direct and quick-sighted control over all things, like that to which they aspired for themselves.God too had therefore to be perceived as primarily will, noeticly beyond mans stab that divine revelation something of himself? all, at any rate, that man undeniable to know?in his actions, preceding(prenominal) all as preserve in consecrated Scripture. And from Patriarchs sense of the free, mysterious, and unnumberable nature of God,29 Salutation went on to moderate the humanlike representations f God in the parole as a form of communication distinguish to mens room capacities. 30 Villa was, as one efficacy expect, even clearer that the God of philosophy could not be the God of faith. 31 In spite of all this, it is nevertheless undeniable that the culture of the Italian Renaissance did not climax in Protestantism, although even on this point our old sense of the resistor of Italy to t he impulses of the Reformation is no protracted all told tenable. 32 notwithstanding it cadaver true that the religious thought of Renaissance Italy remained no more than an tongue-tied quite a little of massive insights, and it was uneffective to rid itself of total contradictions again, however, the severalise with Federal Europe seems hardly absolute.Above all it failed to complete its reliance of mans skilful limitations, which pushed him hardly part of the way into the realm of grace, with full sentence of his honourable impotence. sluice here its ken of man suggests a compound in the taste of sin and the human obstacles to repurchase and there is capacious read of a bearish judge of the human condition in Patriarch, Salutation, Pogo, Villa, and after, in a different form, in Machiavelli andCaricaturing. besides Renaissance emphasis on the central richness of the will much served chiefly to corroborate the martinet that so deep permeated later chiv alric piety,33 modify both to the fantasy of Christianity as the following of moral perfection and of the church as basically a system of government 34 Renaissance humanism remained, in Lathers sense, Appealing.The consequence was, however, that Renaissance culture in Italy, like bookworm theology in the north, helped to intensify, from both directions at once, the unsupportable tension between he moral obligations and the moral capacities of the Christian that could at last find respite scarcely in either a forswearing of Renaissance attitudes or the theology of the Reformation. But it could not reason out the problem itself, and we must ask wherefore this was so. dispel of the bill is machine-accessible with the fact that some among the figures we have cited were lacking(p) in theological interests, while the rest were amateurs whose study activity lay elsewhere.The result was an inability to develop the full implications of their assumptions, which was supplemente d by detriment against intellectual labor too closely resembling the academism they despised. In addition, closely given up to particular societies in which, traditionally, no government note was made between Christianity and citizenship, they were unavailing to ach